The ways in which passengers use and interact with airports is changing. These large-scale facilities are no longer simply a place to catch a flight; they are increasingly becoming a destination unto themselves, a locale where individuals enjoy spending their time, by offering everything from retail to dining to entertainment in one place.
乘客使用机场的方式正在发生变化,这些大型设施不再只是作为搭乘飞机的地方，它们越来越成为乘客度过时间的栖息地，提供从零售、餐饮到娱乐的一切服务。
As airport planning evolves and is no longer solely focused on air travel, there are effects that relate to wayfinding, i.e. how individuals orient themselves in the physical space and navigate from place to place. Sign design needs to acknowledge the shifts affecting today’s airports and the role these facilities will play in the future.
随着机场规划的发展，不再仅仅专注于航空旅行，整个机场部署了全套的寻路导视系统，即个人如何在物理空间中定位自己，并在不同地点进行导航。确实，标识设计在影响当今机场的变化，在这些设施中发挥关键作用。
A changing setting
改变设置
In a broad context, multi-use space is at the forefront of many building developments. For airports in particular, both large and small, there has been a cultural shift to focus on the principles of the hospitality industry, which in turn is influencing their design.
在广泛的背景下，多用途空间是许多建筑物开发的最前沿，特别是对于机场来说，文化转向着眼于酒店业的原则，而这种原则反过来影响其设计。
As destinations intended to meet all of a traveller’s needs, after all, airports have added more options for shopping, dining, entertainment, fitness, relaxation and accommodation. And for an airport’s operators, these amenities contribute to greater potential revenue generation.
由于目的地意图要满足所有旅客的需求，机场为购物、餐饮、娱乐、健身休闲和住宿增加了更多选择，对于机场的运营商而言，这些设施有助于创造更多的潜在收入。
Another key factor that drives change in airports is a focus on efficiency. With advances in technology, operators seek to hone their methods for improving the overall travel experience.
推动机场变化的另一个关键因素是为了达到效率的目的。随着技术的进步，运营商试图改进整体旅行体验的方法。
Technological developments
技术的发展
To some degree, airports have led the way in providing a common experience to users no matter where they are. Airports around the world appear relatively similar—and thus comfortingly familiar—to visitors. Similarly, future applications of wayfinding technology in airports are likely to embrace universality, which could affect the design and role of physical signs.
在一定程度上，机场已经率先为用户提供共同的体验，世界各地的机场对游客来说显得相对相似，整个流程相对熟悉。同样，未来机场的寻路导视技术可能会更具普遍性，关键在于物理标识的设计和作用。
There will always be individuals, after all, who do not use mobile devices in an airport. Their wayfinding experience must be taken into account. Physical signage is essential for the utility and function of the space, since it applies to all types of users.
毕竟，总是会有人在机场不使用移动设备，必须将这种情况考虑在内。物理标识对空间的功能至关重要，它需要适用于所有类型的用户。
Changes in industrial design will also have an effect on signage and displays. These may include new lighting technologies, alternative methods for applying graphics, refinements to materials (such as aluminum and acrylic) and thinner, smaller digital signage displays, among others.
工业设计的变化也会对标牌和LED显示屏产生影响，这些可能包括新的照明技术，应用图形的替代方法，对材料（例如铝和丙烯酸）进行的改进，以及更小的数字标牌显示器等等。
With the rise of the Internet of Things (IoT), physical wayfinding signs could also be encoded with digital capabilities.
随着物联网的兴起，物理寻路导视系统也可以用数字功能进行编码。
Large-scale digital signage displays are already a common sight in airports, of course, because they can provide real-time information, based on flight data tracking, weather conditions and other contextual content. When they are placed in appropriate locations with maximum visibility, they help offer peace of mind to travellers and reduce their anxiety.
当然，大型数字标牌显示屏的应用在机场中已经很普遍，因为它们可以根据航班数据，跟踪天气状况等提供实时信息。当他们被安置在适当的位置，并且具有最大的视野时，他们可以最大化帮助旅客减少他们的焦虑。
The passenger journey
旅客的旅程
Given the evolution of airports, the sequence of events for a passenger’s journey is likely to change. Security screening, for example, could be done immediately upon entry to the airport, rather than after checking in and dropping off bags. The process could be streamlined for all user groups, including passengers, non-travelling visitors and staff members.
考虑到机场设施的更新，乘客旅程的一系列事件可能会发生变化。例如，安全检查可以在进入机场后立即完成，而不是在办理登机手续后进行，这个过程可以为所有的用户群体简化，包括乘客、非旅行游客和工作人员。
Some airports have already rejigged their baggage handling systems to allow for remote drop-offs, which directly affects how and when a passenger checks in. Similarly, the increased presence of ‘swing conditions’ (i.e. flexible-use spaces) for multiple functions will affect when, where and how passengers form queues for flights.
一些机场已经对他们的行李处理系统进行了调整，以允许远程投放，直接影响乘客登记的方式和时间。类似地，多个功能性灵活使用空间的增加会影响乘客排队等候航班的时间。
Given these changes, digital signs could be leveraged for their versatility, familiarity for users and future affordability. These displays can play a central role in wayfinding as part of a cohesive system.
鉴于这些变化，数字标牌可以充分利用其多功能性，应对用户的熟悉程度和未来的负担能力，作为一个有凝聚力系统的一部分，在寻路导视系统中扮演一个重要角色。
By being involved in the early stages of a project, signage consultants are better-positioned to provide an overarching wayfinding strategy. When a major expansion was planned at Calgary International Airport, for example, early involvement helped influence a logical and effective ordering and naming scheme for 24 new gates and two new concourses, setting the stage for more intuitive navigation.
通过参与项目的早期阶段，标牌制作人员可以更好地定位，提供全面的寻路策略。例如，他们计划在卡尔加里国际机场进行大规模扩张时，早期的参与包括24个大门和两个新大厅的订购和命名方案，就为直观的导航奠定了基础。
Airport as destination
机场作为目的地
With the proliferation of air travel, airports have become bigger, a trend that is likely to continue in the future. Like many large cities’ central train stations, they could become cultural and social destinations in their own right.
随着航空旅行的激增，机场规模变得更大，这种趋势在未来不会退化，像许多大城市的中央火车站一样，它们可以成为自己的文化和社交目的地。
Indeed, many airports are becoming multimodal hubs, where flying is just one of many types of transportation, from taxis and shuttles to buses and trains. And as these forms of transportation become more readily available, parking lots will become less necessary and, in turn, occupy less space. The same space could be repurposed for other means.
事实上，许多机场正在成为多式联运中心，飞机只是众多类型的交通工具之一，从出租车、班车到公共汽车到火车，随着这些交通方式变得更加容易获得，停车场将占用更少的空间，同样的空间可以作为其他用途。
In this sense, airports are somewhat like cities unto themselves, with the surrounding infrastructure synthesizing into a larger, interconnected system, while the core elements can evolve to meet changing needs.
从这个意义上讲，机场变得像城市一样，周围的基础设施综合成一个更大、相互联系的系统，而核心要素是为了满足不断变化的需求。
Airports also feel more like destinations unto themselves when they create a true sense of place. There are numerous means for such placemaking, from the colourful pictographics of Germany’s Cologne Bonn Airport to the central waterfall feature of Singapore’s Changi Airport to local artists’ installations at Calgary International Airport.
从德国科隆波恩机场丰富多彩的形象到新加坡樟宜机场的中央瀑布特色，再到卡尔加里国际机场的当地艺术装置，LED显示屏在机场的制作方式在不断被推陈出新。当他们创造出真正的地方感时，机场也感觉更像是一种体验目的地。
Providing a seamless experience is the basic precept of ‘integrated mobility,’ which is the common goal for most future-focused transportation services. Through early planning, rigorous consideration and analysis of pedestrian traffic flow and a willingness to adapt signage to anticipate and accommodate users’ needs, it is possible to tailor airport wayfinding to everyone’s benefit.
提供无缝体验是“综合移动性”的基本原则，这是大多数未来重点运输服务的共同目标。对行人交通流量进行严格考虑和分析，并且调整标牌以预测和满足用户的需求，根据每个人的利益量身定制机场寻路方案是基本的规划。
While airports have not typically been seen as stand-alone destinations in their own right, the simplification of their purpose need not relegate them to serving exclusively as character-free gateways for passengers travelling from point A to point B. If the practical and artistic philosophies behind the design and operation of today’s airports are re-evaluated and refreshed, then they can become places worth going to, not just going through.
虽然机场通常不被视为独立的目的地，但其目的的简化不再是一种无字符网关。如果当今机场的设计和运营进行重新评估和更新，它们可以成为更加值得去的地方，而不仅仅是作为一种站点。
Indeed, many of today’s airport executives are seeking to optimize the value of the public’s time in their facilities, not only to make them stand out, but also to maximize their generation of additional revenue, through versatile and sustainable means. As they re-engineer the way their terminals look, feel and operate, light-emitting diode (LED) display technology is particularly well-positioned to help them reach their goals.
事实上，今天的许多机场管理人员都在寻求优化公众在设施中的时间值，不仅要让形象脱颖而出，还要通过多种可持续手段，最大限度地提高他们的额外收入。重新设计终端的外观、触感和操作方式、发光二极管（LED）显示技术的定位，这些都有利于帮助他们实现目标。
Improving the passenger experience
改善乘客体验
A recent study showed 83 per cent of airport travellers sought out flight information prior to transit, but only 58 per cent of airports were doing an adequate job of providing that information. Solving this problem requires a better understanding of how the travellers move throughout the airports.
最近的一项研究显示，83％的机场旅客在过境之前会先查询航班信息，但只有58％的机场在提供这些信息方面做得不错，要解决这个问题，需要更好地了解旅客在机场中的行为。
Flight information display systems (FIDSs) use data that is constantly in flux, as planes encounter delays, change gates, etc. Simply by increasing the visibility and accessibility of these digital screens, e.g. by making them bigger and brighter, airports can better-inform their passengers.
航班信息显示系统持续显示不断变化的数据，包括飞机延误，改变登机口等。只需增加这些数字屏幕的可见度和可访问性，使它们变得更大更明亮，乘客可以更好地被告知。
The Greater Toronto Airport Authority (GTAA), for example, recently commissioned Stantec to design and Eventscape to manufacture a 7.6-m (25-ft) tall steel structure, shaped like a flower. Each of its four ‘petals’ supports a 3.7 x 1.5-m (12 x 5-ft) liquid crystal display (LCD), which displays flight information.
例如，多伦多机场管理局最近委托Stantec设计和制造一个7.6米（25英尺）高的钢结构，形状像一朵花，四个“花瓣”中每一个都支持3.7 x 1.5米（12 x 5英尺）的液晶显示屏（LCD）显示航班信息。 还有一个LED环形显示屏，覆盖花朵茎的两个中心连接环，显示当前天气。
This unique project dominates a central gathering area of Terminal 1 at Toronto’s Pearson International Airport. It has transformed what was once dead space into one of the busiest locations in the entire concourse. Airport personnel say they frequently overhear travellers telling each other, “Meet me at the flower.” As such, in addition to serving the practical purpose of providing flight information, it has enlivened the passenger experience by creating a new landmark within the airport.
这个独特的项目主导了多伦多皮尔逊国际机场1号航站楼的中央聚集区，它将曾经无趣的空间变成了整个大厅最热闹的地方之一，除了提供航班信息的实际目的之外，它还通过在机场内创建一个新的地标来活跃乘客体验。
Of course, travellers in an airport are not always going to be standing still, nor will they be viewing each FIDS from a single, predictable point. To minimize this problem, today’s LED displays include models that can be seen clearly at a wider variety of distances and angles, keeping content legible for a non-stationary, off-axis audience.
当然，机场旅客并不总是站得住脚，也不会从一个可预见的角度观察每个FIDS。为了降低这个问题的发生，现在的LED显示屏可以在更广泛的距离和角度清晰地被看到，保持非静止的离轴内容。
At Georgia’s Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport, for example, a dimly lit LCD that used to force passengers to congregate in a scrum to read flight information was recently replaced with a much brighter LED display. As crowds can read it from further distances and wider angles, they are more dispersed and foot traffic flows more efficiently.
例如，在格鲁吉亚哈兹菲尔德的杰克逊亚特兰大国际机场，用于聚集乘客读取航班信息，光线昏暗的LCD被明亮的LED显示屏取代。由于人群可以从更远的距离和更宽的角度读取它，有效地分散了人流量。
Beyond flight updates, wayfinding directions are also more clearly visible when displayed on LED screens. When Vancouver International Airport’s international arrival customs terminal was renovated, a 9.8 x 2.7-m (32 x 9-ft) LED display was added to help welcome first-time visitors by providing clear and relevant information about where to proceed from their gate.
除了航班信息更新之外，在LED屏幕上显示的路径方向也清晰可见。当温哥华国际机场的国际到达海关终端进行了翻新时，新增了一个9.8 x 2.7米（32 x 9英尺）的LED显示屏，以帮助第一次来访者提供从登机口出发的相关信息。
The dynamic nature of digital signage is also helpful where more than one language is needed. By way of example, on-screen content could be changed based on the primary language(s) of the country of origin for flights arriving at a certain gate.
数字标牌的动态特性在需要多种语言的情况下也能自动转换。举例来说，屏幕上的内容可以基于到达航班起始国家的主要语言来变化。
In all of these ways, LED displays can improve the passenger experience, presenting information in an attractive fashion that lets visitors glance and be on their way.
通过这些方式，LED显示屏可以改善乘客体验，以吸引人的方式呈现信息，让访问者一览无余。
Artistic possibilities
艺术性
As airports are often the first thing a traveller sees upon arriving in a new city, they also serve an important role in communicating and celebrating the culture of the regions they service. Modern airport design has embraced the cultivation of an immersive and local sense of place, incorporating elements of art and heritage.
由于机场往往是旅客在抵达新城时所看到的第一幕，所服务地区的文化展现方面发挥着重要作用，现代化的机场设计融入了沉浸式的本地感，并融合了艺术和遗产元素。
The aforementioned flower-shaped structure at Pearson International Airport, for example, somewhat resembles the white trillium, the provincial flower of Ontario. At Singapore’s Changi Airport, meanwhile, two prominent LED-based ‘digital murals’ that display ../images of the city-state’s history and culture recently won a 2018 In AVation Award in the transport category for Electronics & Engineering (E&E), which developed them in partnership with Montreal-based Moment Factory.
在新加坡樟宜机场，两个以LED为基础的显示屏都在展现城邦历史和文化形象的“数字壁画”，最近，这个设计在电子与工程运输类别中，获得了InAVation奖，这个奖项是蒙特利尔Moment Factory设置的最高奖项。
“We are honoured to receive this international award and thank the Changi Airport team, who had the vision and commitment to create a totally new standard for the passenger experience,” says Gary Goh, E&E’s deputy managing director.
E＆E副总经理Gary Goh说：“我们很荣幸能够获得这个国际奖项，并感谢樟宜机场团队，他们有远见为乘客体验创造全新标准。”
Most recently, at Vancouver International Airport, a 3.8 x 2.4-m (12.5 x 7.8-ft) LED display was installed to entertain travellers waiting in line with ../images of the city’s scenery that move in response to their gestures, as captured by a Microsoft Kinect system and camera. Montreal-based Float4 developed the interactive content for the display, which replaces an earlier, printed map of select flight paths.
最近，在温哥华国际机场，安装了一个3.8 x 2.4米（12.5 x 7.8英尺）的LED显示屏，用于招待游客，为他们展示他们即将到往城市景色的图像，这些图像能根据他们的手势进行移动，由Microsoft Kinect系统和相机合成，这种交互式的内容取代了先前印刷选定飞行路径的地图。
“Passengers and employees are loving it,” says Lynette DuJohn, the Vancouver Airport Authority’s (VAA’s) vice-president (VP) of information technology (IT) and chief digital officer (CDO). “We are seeing a lot of smiles on people’s faces!”
温哥华机场管理局的副总裁兼首席技术官Lynette DuJohn说：“乘客和员工都很喜欢新的设计，我们在人们的脸上看到很多笑容，这说明他们的体验感觉非常好。”
Some airports’ art directors are given annual budgets for beautifying their concourses and terminals with art installations. Increasingly, they realize this capital can be more efficiently spent on dynamic digital signage content than on changing out static artwork time and again.
每年，机场的艺术监制都会获得一些预算，用艺术装置来美化大厅和登机处，他们越来越意识到，这种资本可以有效地应用动态数字标牌，而不是一次又一次地更换静态图片。
Unlike LCDs, LED displays can be custom-built in any size, shape or curvature, allowing for creative designs and for seamless integration with existing architecture. At Montreal’s Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport, for example, two 360-degree ‘halo’ displays, each measuring 7.3 x 0.6 m (24 x 2 ft), were installed at the U.S. transborder departure gate to transform unadorned building columns into eye-catching attractions.
与LCD不同，LED显示屏可以按照任何尺寸、形状或曲率定制，从而实现新的设计，并与现有架构无缝集成。例如，在蒙特利尔的Pierre Elliott Trudeau国际机场，美国跨境登机门安装了两个360度的显示屏，每个显示屏的尺寸为7.3 x 0.6 m（24 x 2英尺），它的设计成为了机场中最醒目的焦点。
Further, the brightness of LED displays means they can be installed in airport concourses that are flooded with natural light and still be seen clearly enough.
此外，LED显示屏的亮度意味着它们可以安装在充满自然光的机场大厅中，信息清晰可见。
Maximizing revenue
收入最大化
Beyond their practical use in displaying flight information and wayfinding directions and their cultural and artistic potential, LED displays can be effective in generating new revenue for airports through digital out-of-home (DOOH) advertising.
除了显示航班信息，作为寻路导视系统，展现文化与艺术方面的实际用途外，LED显示屏还可以通过数字户外广告有效地为机场创造新的收入。
Airport displays are typically quite large, with plenty of room for a combination of information and advertising. An installation at Terminal 4 of New York’s John F. Kennedy International Airport, for example, primarily displays flight information on one side for people waiting outside for arriving travellers, while the other side often showcases ads to those travellers as they arrive.
机场的LED显示屏通常非常大，有足够的空间用于信息和广告的组合。例如，纽约约翰肯尼迪国际机场4号航站楼的一个装置，主要是为在外面街机的人而显示的航班信息，而另一边则是为到达旅客展示的广告。
A major redesign of the duty-free shopping area of Terminal D at Texas’ Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport has added three huge, curved LED displays that allow ads to better capture the attention of passersby. Among these is a 5.5 x 3.2-m (18 x 10.5-ft) screen surrounding a ‘promo pod,’ where advertisers can showcase their product with exclusivity.
在德克萨斯州达拉斯沃斯堡国际机场终端D免税购物区，他们重新设计了三个巨大的弧形LED显示屏，让广告更好地捕捉路人的注意力。其中一个尺寸为5.5 x 3.2米（18 x 10.5英尺）的屏幕，为广告客户独家展示他们的产品。
“Nothing compares to a display so big you can walk inside it,” says Sean Kupiec, project manager for Ford AV, the technology integrator.
技术集成商福特AV的项目经理Sean Kupiec说：“没有什么比这样大的显示屏更具吸引力。”
The other two displays, each measuring 3.7 x 2.1 m (12 x 7 ft), adorn the top of a product kiosk along the main terminal walkway.
另外两台LED显示屏，每台显示器的尺寸为3.7 x 2.1 m（12 x 7英尺），沿主终端通道装饰在产品专栏的顶部。
“They can be seen from 30.5 m (100 ft) away,” says Kupiec. “Such eye-catching technology brings more people in and makes them excited to experience the store.”
Kupiec说：“他们可以从30.5米（100英尺）远的地方看到屏幕中的信息，这种引人注目的技术可以让更多人参与进来，并让他们获得更好的互动与体验。”
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