Since 1902, 3M has offered a wide array of products stretching across nearly every business vertical, but a large amount of the company's divisions trace their technology back to the importance and evolution of adhesives. This is especially true for the wraps industry and the vinyl and film products that allow graphic installations and wrap projects to come to life.
自1902年以来，3M公司的服务横跨了众多的行业，并为这些行业提供了大量的产品，但是大部分的公司部门重新意识到标识贴膜的重要性，并开始关注标识贴膜业务的发展。尤其是将图形安装和包装项目带进生活的包装产品、乙烯基图形产品和薄膜产品。
When vinyl graphics first began to emerge on the market, they were primarily intended for fleet graphics. This meant products were designed for long-term application on flat surfaces, providing little in the way of flexibility, customization and relief, leaving installers without much ability to alter the vinyl once applied to a vehicle’s surface.
当乙烯基图形首次出现在市场上时，它们主要用于车队图形安装，这意味着此类图形产品将长期应用于平滑的表面，但是由于此类图形缺少灵活性、个性化和难以清除，一旦乙烯基图形在车辆上安装好后，安装人员就很难再去更改图形了。
From this point forward, adhesive technology was all about one thing: making installation easier. What began as an industry geared specifically for large-scale production and fleet owners now exists as a multifaceted marketplace that serves personal vehicle wraps, graphics for walls, floors and buildings, complex installation surfaces and locations, and much, much more. Thus, the demand for superior, easy to use products has skyrocketed, prompting manufacturers like 3M to double down on innovation.
从这一点来看，标识贴膜技术就是为了使安装工作变得更加的便捷。作为专门针对大规模生产和车队所有者的行业，标识贴膜技术现在开始面向多样化的市场发展，服务对象包括个人车辆包装、墙面图形、地面图形和建筑物图形安装，复杂表面的安装等等。因此，对优质易用产品需求的激增，激励着像3M这样的制造商继续创新。
The Right Stuff
合适的材料
As graphic installations and wraps have shifted from something consumers view from afar to up-close viewing, the technological focus of adhesives has followed suit. Over the last few decades, film technology has seen major breakthroughs—improving the films themselves, and creating new desirable adhesive features.
消费者从远距离观察到近距离观看的转变导致图形安装和包装工作也要随之做出一些改变，标识贴膜技术就显得愈发的重要了。在过去的几十年里，标识贴膜技术在改善薄膜本身和提升标识贴膜特性方面已经取得了重大突破。
Every installation project has its own sets of challenges, but there’s also a baseline for what’s needed from a film’s adhesive. In today’s wrap films, adhesives and liners are often synonymous. What are most often thought of as adhesives, like Controltac and Comply technologies, are technically film liners that contain the product’s adhesive properties. Although they may vary from product to product, the following is a list of features in today's film adhesives and liners that are essential for optimal installation and performance.
每个安装项目都有其自身的难题，但也有一个共同的问题，那就是薄膜的粘合需要什么。在如今的包装膜中，标识贴膜和衬垫通常是同义词。薄膜粘合衬垫通常也含有最常见的标识贴膜（如Controltac和Comply技术）性能。尽管它们可能因产品而异，但以下是目前的薄膜标识贴膜和衬垫的功能列表，这些功能对于正确的安装和性能至关重要。
Slideability—Early vinyl films had very little in the case of slideability compared to their modern counterparts. Instead of the adhesive qualities that allow today’s products to move easily across an application surface and be repositioned, earlier films needed far more accuracy upon first connection. What worked for large fleet installations at the time would not stand up to the intricacies and precision needed for current wrapping installations on personal vehicles.
可复贴性——早期的乙烯基薄膜在可复贴性方面的性能非常差，它不像现在的标识贴膜，就算图形已经安装在产品表面了，后期依旧可以轻松微调甚至重新贴在一个新的地方。早期的标识贴膜工作对首次粘合的精准度要求很高。因为个人车辆的标识贴膜工作更为复杂以及需要更高的精准度，因此当时针对大型车队的的包装技术并不能予以满足。
Pressure Activated Adhesives— Everything changed with the wide adoption of pressure activated adhesives. PAAs create their bonds using initial pressure and flow, unlike other adhesives that rely on chemical reactions or curing processes. For wrap installers, this technology has dramatically increased the ease of installation, allowing them to find the perfect placement of a film without having it prematurely adhere to a substrate.
压力活化标识贴膜——随着压力活化标识贴膜的广泛应用，一切都在变化。与其他依赖于化学反应或固化加工的标识贴膜不同，压力活化标识贴膜使用初始压力和移动来进行粘合工
作。这项技术大大增加了安装的便利性，使得工人们能够在不使其过早粘附到材料的情况下完美地放置保护膜。
Initial Tack—One of the most noticeable and important traits that differentiate films from one another is initial tack. This is the first applied pressure that sets a film to a surface. Some adhesives offer low tack properties, which can result in easy repositionability, but difficult in short term and long-term adhesion. Other vinyl films may provide high tack, which can create a strong initial bond, but frequently limit an installer’s ability to successfully snap the material back up. This partisan split is best met in the middle, where optimized initial tack can offer the best of both worlds.
初始粘附——将各种保护膜彼此区分的最显着和重要的特征之一是初始粘性。这是将保护膜铺设在表面上第一次施加的压力。一些标识贴膜的粘性较弱，很容易进行二次粘合，但是要
使保护膜短时间或长时间地粘附是比较困难的。其他乙烯基薄膜可能具有较高的粘性，可以
提供强力的初始粘合，但是安装者就很难进行二次粘合。合适的标识贴膜的初始粘性应该处在这两种强度之间，优化初始的粘性可以使双方都达到最好的效果。
Using a thumb test, you can see the difference between the different tack qualities of a film. Each adhesive liner is composed of active groups and soft segments that combine to provide a balance between repositionability (snap-up capability) and long-term bonding. As you push a film onto a substrate, it may feel like it lacks proper hold. A high-quality product offers adhesive properties that allow for give-and-take during installation, but a lasting bond—especially when enhanced by post-heating in deep channels for example. Over time, installers can sometimes get used to the rigors of working with low and high initial tack, but it’s far easier and faster when it’s in between.
使用简单的测试方法，您可以看到不同粘性的薄膜质量之间的差别。每个标识贴膜衬垫由活性组织和软链段组成，以此在二次标识贴膜（快速加工能力）和长期粘合之间提供平衡。当你在进行标识贴膜工作时，它时常会看起来没有被很好地贴合。高质量的产品可以在安装过程中进行二次粘合并且具有持久的粘合特性——特别是在深槽中通过进行加热来加强效力。随着时间的推移，无论初始粘性是高还是低，安装者也许都已经习惯用严谨的工作态度来对待，但是当标识贴膜粘性在两者之间时，会使工作更加容易和快捷。
Non-Visible Air Release—Nothing looks worse than a wrap installation chock-full of bubbles. Air-release technology lends a unique characteristic to a film’s adhesive properties that enables fast application with very few air bubbles. The quality of this technology has vastly improved over time, and was first introduced to the market by 3M as Comply Technology. This advancement allows installers to remove bubbles more easily, which leads to a better-looking wrap that features stronger bonds.
不可见的气泡释放——没有什么比标识贴膜过程中充满气泡更糟糕的了。气泡释放技术作为标识贴膜工作一项具有独特性质的工艺，安装速度快且产生的气泡少。该技术的质量随着时间的推移有了很大的改善，并被3M公司作为Comply Technology首次推向市场。这使得安装工人能够更容易地去除气泡，从而形成更好的包装，使薄膜具有更强的粘合性。
When air-release technology was first introduced to the market, the channels in which air escaped were often visible on the surface of the wrap. As the industry primarily consisted of graphics installation viewed from afar on fleet vehicles, these visible channels were of little concern at the time. However, as the marketplace shifted towards installations and personalized vehicle wraps that are viewed from up close, these channels slowly became a problem.
当空气释放技术首次引入市场时，释放空气的通道通常在包装表面可见。由于行业主要是从远程车队查看的图形安装，这些可见的频道当时没有什么关注。然而，随着市场转向从近距离观看的安装和个性化车辆包装，这些渠道慢慢成为一个问题。
Therefore lab technicians reformulated the product so it would generate air channels that were non-visible. The most recent developments have led to a network of microstructure air channels that exist within the adhesive, permitting air to escape laterally beneath the film. Today, this feature is present in high-quality graphic films, including 3M’s breakthrough Comply Adhesive with micro technology. Now films featuring non-visible air channels still alleviate bubbling, but don’t compromise the aesthetic of a wrap project.
因此，实验室技术人员重新制定了产品，从而使气泡消失在被薄膜覆盖材料上。随着最近技术的发展，已经生产出可以和标识贴膜共同工作的微结构气泡通道网络，它允许空气在薄膜下方横向释放出来。今天，高质量的薄膜皆拥有此项功能，包括3M公司的突破性标识贴膜与微型技术。现在，拥有不可见的气泡释放通道的薄膜还能在缓解气泡冒出的情况下，不影响包装工程的美观。
Adhesive Variation& Film Selection
标识贴膜的变化和薄膜的选择
Understanding the evolution and characteristics of adhesives technology is valuable and provides a baseline for selecting wrap films on their quality. However, not all films offer the same adhesive features, and many are specially designed for different end-uses and unique application types. It’s important to know what kind of adhesive a film features before selecting it for a project, as there may be a product better suited for your needs.
了解标识贴膜技术的发展和特点是有必要的，这为薄膜质量的选择打下了一个良好的基础。然而，并不是所有的薄膜都可以提供相同的粘合特性，许多薄膜被专门设计用于不同的用途和独特的应用类型。在选择一个项目之前，要知道薄膜需要什么样的标识贴膜是非常重要的，因为可能有其他的产品更符合你的需求。
Primarily, adhesives can be broken into three major (and largely self-explanatory) categories: permanent, removableand ultra removable. Within these categories are individual films tailored for specific tasks and primary applications.
标识贴膜可以分为三个主要（大部分是不言而喻）的类别：永久、可复贴和可多次复贴。在这些类别中，个人薄膜的定制是针对特定的任务和用途的。
Permanent adhesives are designed for long-term installation with adhesives that promote strong and lasting bonds. This also leads to a more intense removal process when graphics have run their course, usually involving the use of heat and chemicals. Some examples of specialized wrap films featuring permanent adhesives can include:
永久型标识贴膜被设计用于长期安装的项目中，是具有加强牢固和保持持久粘合的标识贴膜。在图形使用过程中通常会涉及到热量和化学物质，这也会导致更强烈的去除过程。以下是具有永久性标识贴膜的专用包装膜的一些实例：
Low surface energy (LSE) wrap films—These films are designed to adhere to hard-to-bond surfaces, such as LSE plastics found on ATVs, motocross bikes, snowmobiles and other motorsports vehicles.
低表面能（LSE）包装膜——这些薄膜被设计用于粘附到难以粘合的表面，例如全地形车上
的低表面能塑料外壳、越野摩托车、雪地摩托车和其他赛车型运动车辆。
Stainless steel wrap films—These films are expertly crafted to adhere to stainless steel vehicles like tankers, refrigerated trucks and food trucks. The strong adhesive bond ensures they’ll cling to the surface without lifting or peeling.
不锈钢包装膜——这些精心制作的薄膜是用于粘附在不锈钢车辆上的，如油罐车、冷藏车和食品卡车。牢固的标识贴膜确保了包装膜能够粘合在车辆表面而不被掀起或是掉落。
Removable adhesives are engineered to strike a happy medium between durability and removability. Most versatile, go-to wrap films feature removable adhesives, which require only heat to remove from the application surface. Products featuring this type of adhesive include print wrap films, color change wrap films and more.
可复贴型标识贴膜的粘合效果可以在耐久性和可移除性之间达到平衡。最常见的可拆卸标识贴膜的包装膜，只要达到了其表面相应的热量就可以清除它了。具有这种标识贴膜的产品包括印刷包装膜、变色包装膜等。
Ultra-removable adhesives function just as they sound. Designed for shorter-term applications and projects that need to be frequently updated or replaced. Products featuring ultra-removable adhesives can be removed without the use of heat or chemicals. An example of this film is the new 3M Print Wrap Film IJ180mC-10UR. These films can even be applied over more permanent graphics to provide a promotional message or short-term campaign, and then removed without damaging the underlying graphics.
可多次复贴型标识贴膜的功能就像他们听说过的一样。专为需要频繁更新或更换的短期应用工程和项目而设计。具有可多次复贴型标识贴膜的产品可以在不使用热量或化学物质的情况下被清除。3M公司新开发的印刷包装薄膜IJ180mC-10UR就是一个范例。这种包装膜甚至可以应用于时间更长一些图形，以提供促销信息或者短期活动，当不需要时就可以直接清除，而不会伤害到下层的图形表面。
Colored Adhesives
彩色标识贴膜
Adhesive colors are another component of films that are often overlooked. Although most are grey, new breakthroughs in technology have led to the development of clear adhesives, perfect for products used for window graphics, partial vehicle wraps and more. With clear adhesives, and optically-clear overlaminate adhesives, graphics installers can create graphics that allow sight of the base substrate, and in the case of window graphics, the ability to see through glass.
标识贴膜的颜色作为薄膜的另一个组成部分经常容易被忽视。虽然市面上大部分的薄膜是灰色的，但技术的新突破已经引领了透明薄膜的发展，这种新型的薄膜非常适合用于窗口图形、部分车辆的包装等等。使用透明薄膜和光学透明薄膜进行标识贴膜粘合，图形安装工人可以创造一个能够观察到地板的图形，并且在安装了窗口图形的情况下，依旧可以达到透视玻璃的目的。
Overlam Adhesives
标识贴膜
Apart from simply selecting a base graphic film, it’s important to consider the properties of overlaminate adhesives and film chemistry. With the proliferation of numerous print films and adhesive technologies, the varying chemistries that exist from product to product make it possible to encounter films and laminates that perform seamlessly together, and those that don’t. Before finalizing a project, be sure to confirm that all layers are tested together the graphics manufacturer. If properly tested/approved, comprehensive warranties like the 3M MCS Warranty can be offered, providing peace of mind that an installation will last and perform.
除了简单地选择基础图形薄膜，考虑标识贴膜和薄膜的化学性质也非常重要。随着印刷薄膜和标识贴膜技术的普及，产品与产品之间存在的不同化学成分使得无缝贴合的标识贴膜技术成为可能。在完成项目之前，请务必将所有图层都与图形制造商一起测试。在经过适当的测试和批准后，若可以提供像3M 公司MCS保修一样的全面保修，那么就可以一直放心地进行安装工作了。
Looking Ahead
展望未来
At the end of the day, advancing adhesive technology is all about improving installation and making people unafraid of using wrap materials. As the industry further enters the mainstream, adhesives will continue to change in tandem with the demand for more specialized and customizable wrap film selections. These possibilities could include further increasing installation ease, the ability to cure films at different temperatures, continuing the variation of adhesive permanence, expanding the range of film removability and more. Whatever the case may be, you can bet that 3M will continue to be at the forefront of adhesive innovation.
最后，提高胶粘技术就是改善安装工作以及使人们不再害怕使用包装材料。随着行业进一步进入主流，标识贴膜将随着对更专业和定制的包装膜选择的需求而不断变化。这些可能性可以包括进一步简化安装过程、在不同温度下对薄膜进行固化处理的能力、标识贴膜持久性的变化、加大薄膜的清除力度等等。无论如何，您都可以相信3M公司将继续处于标识贴膜创新的前沿。
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